Getting a Social Security Number with a Work Permit: A Guide for Immigrants

Navigating Social Security Numbers with a Work Permit: What You Need to Know

Applying for a Social Security number (SSN) card can be a crucial step for immigrants authorized to work in the United States. Historically, it was possible to request an SSN card simultaneously when filing Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization. However, recent changes and a lack of clear confirmation from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) have created uncertainty about this combined process. This analysis explores the current situation, what the available information suggests, and how individuals can proceed to obtain an SSN card.

Understanding the Combined Request Process

The Social Security Administration (SSA) previously provided guidance describing a combined request process. This meant that individuals applying for work authorization through Form I-765 could also indicate their desire for an SSN card. If approved, USCIS would then send the necessary information to the SSA to issue the card. The Employment Authorization Document (EAD), also known as Form I-766, and the SSN card were typically mailed separately. It is important to understand that requesting an SSN card is not the same as applying for Social Security benefits, and an SSN itself does not grant work authorization.

Current Form Changes and Lack of Confirmation

The latest version of Form I-765, dated August 21, 2025, has introduced a change that adds to the confusion. The form now asks for an existing SSN “if known” and does not explicitly include a checkbox or section for requesting a new SSN card. This differs from previous editions and the guidance found in some SSA documents. USCIS has not yet officially confirmed whether the combined process remains available or when any decision to alter it was made. This lack of clear communication leaves applicants unsure about how to proceed.

Who Might Be Affected by the Uncertainty?

The uncertainty surrounding the combined SSN card request primarily affects immigrants who are eligible for work authorization. This includes various categories such as refugees, individuals granted asylum, qualifying asylum applicants, beneficiaries of Temporary Protected Status (TPS), certain parolees, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) recipients, and F-1 students authorized for Optional Practical Training (OPT) or STEM OPT. While a claim from November 10, 2026, suggested the combined option was still available, the updated form and the absence of official confirmation mean applicants cannot rely on this information without further clarification.

When a Work Permit Isn’t Required for an SSN

It is important to note that a work permit, or EAD, is not a prerequisite for every eligible worker to apply for an SSN. Some individuals authorized to work based on their immigration status, such as asylees, refugees, and certain U and T nonimmigrant status holders, may be able to apply for an SSN without an EAD. The specific immigration status and the supporting documents presented are key factors in these cases. There isn’t a single, universal rule that applies to every category of immigrant.

Steps to Take If You Need an SSN Card

Given the current ambiguity, it is essential for applicants to verify their situation and take appropriate steps. The process involves carefully reviewing submitted documents and, if necessary, contacting the SSA directly.

Review Your Submitted Form I-765

The first and most critical step is to examine the Form I-765 that you submitted. Do not assume that because you received an EAD, an SSN card was automatically requested or will be issued. Check the specific edition of the form you used and confirm what options were selected or information was provided regarding an SSN.

Trace an Earlier Request with the SSA

If your submitted Form I-765 did include a request for an SSN card, you should contact the Social Security Administration to inquire about its status. Do not wait for the card to arrive automatically, as the SSA’s guidance documents describing the combined process are undated, and their current applicability for new applications is unconfirmed.

Apply Separately if No Request Was Made

If your application did not include a request for an SSN card, or if you are unsure, you will need to apply for one separately. This involves scheduling an appointment at a local SSA office or Card Center. You will need to complete Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Card, and bring the required original documents. Applying for an SSN and card is a free service. The SSA typically requires at least two forms of identification for an original card application.

Employment Authorization While Awaiting Your SSN

In some instances, individuals may be able to begin authorized employment even while their SSN application is pending. The SSA has stated that an SSN is not always required before starting work if immigration documents clearly establish work authorization. However, employees must still comply with employment verification requirements. Instructions for Form I-9, Employment Eligibility Verification, indicate that the SSN field should be left blank until the number is received, at which point the form should be updated.

For any questions regarding a pending SSN request or to initiate a separate application, individuals can contact the SSA directly at 1-800-772-1213 or use the SSA’s online office locator to find a local branch.

Frequently Asked Questions